B1 GRAMMAR TABLE

 

B1 Grammar Table

This table summarises the main grammar points for B1 (Intermediate) level. Each point includes an explanation, example, and Spanish translation.

Grammar Point	Use / Explanation	Example	Spanish Translation
Present Simple	Routines, habits	I usually walk to school.	Suelo ir caminando al colegio.
Present Continuous	Actions happening now or near future	She is reading a book.	Ella está leyendo un libro.
Past Simple	Completed actions in the past	They visited Paris last year.	Ellos visitaron París el año pasado.
Past Continuous	Background actions in the past	I was watching TV when he called.	Estaba viendo la tele cuando llamó.
Present Perfect	Experiences or actions with relevance now	I have visited London twice.	He visitado Londres dos veces.
Present Perfect Continuous	Actions started in past & still continuing	I have been studying English for 2 years.	He estado estudiando inglés durante 2 años.
Future – will	Predictions, spontaneous decisions	I’ll help you.	Te ayudaré.
Future – going to	Plans / intentions	I’m going to travel next week.	Voy a viajar la próxima semana.
Future – Present Continuous	Arrangements	I’m meeting her tomorrow.	Me voy a encontrar con ella mañana.
Can / Could	Ability	I can swim. / She could read at 5.	Puedo nadar. / Ella podía leer a los 5.
Must / Have to	Obligation	You must wear a helmet.	Debes llevar casco.
Should / Ought to	Advice	You should see a doctor.	Deberías ver a un médico.
May / Might / Could	Possibility	It may rain tomorrow.	Puede que llueva mañana.
Zero Conditional	Facts / general truths	If you heat water, it boils.	Si calientas agua, hierve.
First Conditional	Real future possibilities	If it rains, I’ll stay home.	Si llueve, me quedaré en casa.
Second Conditional	Hypothetical situations	If I won the lottery, I would travel.	Si ganara la lotería, viajaría.
Passive Voice	Emphasise action over doer	The book was written by JK Rowling.	El libro fue escrito por JK Rowling.
Reported Speech – Statements	Reporting what someone said	He said that he was tired.	Él dijo que estaba cansado.
Reported Speech – Questions	Reporting questions	She asked me where I lived.	Ella me preguntó dónde vivía.
Relative Clauses	Describe people, things, places	The man who called is my uncle.	El hombre que llamó es mi tío.
Comparatives / Superlatives	Compare things	This book is bigger. / She is the smartest.	Este libro es más grande. / Ella es la más lista.
Articles – a / an / the	Definite / indefinite	I saw a cat. / The cat was black.	Vi un gato. / El gato era negro.
Quantifiers	Amounts	Some people, many books	Algunas personas, muchos libros
Pronouns	Subject / Object / Reflexive	He likes her. / I did it myself.	Él la quiere. / Lo hice yo mismo.
Prepositions	Time / Place / Movement	at 5pm, in London, go to school	a las 5, en Londres, ir al colegio
Phrasal Verbs	Common verbs + particles	give up, look after, run out of	rendirse, cuidar de, quedarse sin
Linking Words	Connect ideas	because, although, however, therefore	porque, aunque, sin embargo, por lo tanto